In the summer of 1960, a young Englishwoman arrived on the shores of Lake Tanganyika in what is now Tanzania, East Africa. As Jane Goodall first surveyed the mountains and valley forests of what was then called the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, she had no idea her coming efforts would redefine the relationship between humans and animals or that the project would continue into the 21st century.
At first, the Gombe chimps fled whenever they saw Goodall. She persisted, however, watching from a distance with binoculars, and gradually the chimps allowed her closer. One day in the autumn of 1960, she saw chimpanzee David Greybeard strip leaves off twigs to fashion tools for fishing termites from a nest. At that time scientists thought humans were the only species to make and use tools, but here was evidence to the contrary. On hearing of Goodall’s observation, Dr. Leakey said: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” This would be one of Goodall’s most important discoveries.
In 1961, she entered Cambridge University as a Ph.D. candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a college degree. She earned her Ph.D. in ethology in 1966. While the Gombe Stream Research Centre, which Dr. Goodall established in 1965, eventually became a training ground for students interested in studying primates. Today, it hosts a skilled team of researchers and field assistants, including many Tanzanians.
In 1977, Dr. Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute. The Institute supports the continuing research at Gombe and is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. It is also widely recognized for establishing innovative community-centered conservation and development programs in Africa, and Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots, the global environmental and humanitarian youth program. Roots & Shoots is now active in more than 50 countries and since its inception has greatly impacted participants of all ages in over 100 countries.
The Roots & Shoots program began in 1991 with 12 Tanzanian High School Students from nine schools that were worried about things like the destruction of the coral reef by illegal dynamiting, poaching in the wildlife parks, lack of help for street children, pollution of rivers, and a multitude of other issues they wished to correct. After a lengthy discussion, those 12 students went back to their schools, formed groups with peers who had similar concerns, and after another meeting was held with these additional students, the Roots & Shoots program was official born.
Since then, Roots & Shoots has developed differently in each country, but every group becomes involved in hands-on programmes of their choosing, one for the community, one for animals (including domestic animals) and one for the environment we all share. Sometimes it is embedded in a school curriculum and so reaches all children. Often this is because the education ministry asks us to provide curriculum materials. A whole class or school can become involved, or a family group can form – there is room for all!
Dr. Goodall’s vision was for a critical mass of young people with a shared philosophy – the Roots & Shoots philosophy. It was found that once students had been active Roots & Shoots members they are impacted for life. One of the young men who was part of the original group of twelve was asked what aspect of Roots & Shoots had been most significant. After a moment he said, “I know that wherever I go in the world, even if I know no one, if there is a R&S group I have found my family”.